Census Records & The History of Houses
Some of us are lucky enough to live in a house with
a bit of history, maybe a home that has been lived in by generations of the
same family. Over the forthcoming months, I am going to write about census’
records and the history of houses. The building that we call home, can
take different forms, such as a bungalow, detached, semi-detached, terraced,
end of terrace, flat, or cottage. In this first article, we will
discovery why bedroom doors always open into the room.
The first census in 1801 was conducted
to ascertain the number of men able to fight in the Napoleonic War (1803-1815)
– there was no hiding from Napoleon! The next three census’, 1811-1831, were mainly statistical.
In 1800, Swansea’s population was 6,000. It’s
staggering to think that the estimated population in 2016
is 243,892.
November 1832 saw the introduction of the Electoral Registers. Prior to this date, the Overseers
of the Poor of the Parish had to compile information relevant to electoral
qualifications to collect taxes from those able to pay. Their additional
yearly task was to compile the Electoral Register, required on 20th June. This ‘current format’ was produced yearly
until the First World War. The registers were kept in the Town
Hall. It should be noted here that the early registers, only listed those
who owned the property, and who were living there at the time, of the
compilation. The example I am going to use is Starling Benson, a well-known magistrate, who moved
to Gloucester Place, during the early 1840s. This property was owned by a
Mr Essery.
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1841 Census - 6th June 1841
Courtesy of the National Archives, Kew
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During the first three months (January-March) of 1841, there were 270 births in Swansea. The 1841 Census was the first modern census and the first one
to intentionally record names of all individuals in a household or institution
– it was carried out on the night of 6th June. To complete this huge
task, 35,000 census enumerators were appointed to undertake the data
collection. Census forms were delivered by hand to each household, a few
days prior to the said night. The forms were completed by the head of the house
and collected on the 7th. Enumerators
would help those who were illiterate. The census recorded people’s names,
age, sex, occupation, and if they were born “in county”. The returned
forms were sorted later, and then copied into the Census Books. Swansea’s
population was supposedly 39,458.
Each census is closed for hundred years, meaning that the information
will not be publicly disclosed until one hundred years have passed.
Available Census Books can be viewed electronically online. Don’t hesitate to
contact me if you are interested in obtaining information about an ancestor but
don’t have access to a computer.
Hopefully we have a good chance of finding a relative, however we are in
trouble if the person in question was good at hiding their existence as in the
case of Starling Benson who doesn’t seem to be on 1836 Electrical
Register nor has he an entry on the 1841 census. I am using one of my own
ancestor’s entries to illustrate the census (see above).
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Gloucester Place, Swansea
Photo by Liz Barry
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Following Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Waterloo he was packed off
to St. Helena, and Britain enjoyed a long financial boom. Buildings from
this period were known as Regency Architecture
(1811 – 1830). It is during this time, 1826, that out first port of call Gloucester Place, was built. Today one house is divided
into three flats and a basement apartment, each commanding a small fortune to
either buy or rent. We are also lucky that the German Luftwaffe didn’t
destroy these buildings and the area during their attacks of the Second World
War. Clearly Gloucester Place was not in the ‘Book of Attractions’ for Swansea!
Some noticeable features on the façade of Gloucester Place are – a
basement with access via a flight of steps down. A dominant front door, now
6-panelled approached by a flight steps. Also noticeable is the fanlight
above the door, with the purpose of allowing light into the hallway. Research
shows that the windows of the building had to be set back four inches, due to
fire regulations of the day, which stipulated that other wood decorations were
also banned.
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The Cambrian Auction Advert
8th December 1827
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To establish what the interior of the building looked like, we refer to
an auction advert in the The Cambrian, 8th
December 1827, when No. 2 Gloucester Place was being sold at the Mackworth
Arms, by Llewelyn and Bowen. The advert states the rooms as being lofty,
and that the property would be a very desirable investment.
Even though this area is thought to have been respectable, it harbours a very
dark secret – in 1889 Frederick Kent, landlord of the Gloucester Hotel was murdered by Thomas Allen, a Zulu.
If walls could talk, what would they say about a
room within a house?
Let’s look at the bedroom.
The bedroom found in fashionable residences such as that of Gloucester
Place, during the Georgian period was a private place. During the Victorian
period the bedroom was not solely the domain of a married couple as they often
had separate rooms. The gentleman of the house would often sleep in his
dressing room, and it was here that he would entertain his male friends and
smoke. The lady of the house also had her own dressing room, the boudoir.
The star of the show in the bedroom would be the elaborate bed,
something that had changed over the years. Before the Industrial
Revolution, the base of the bed comprised of a wooden frame with criss-crossed
rope, which was later replaced by coiled metal springs. The wool and
linen sheets were to be changed to cotton bedding.
In answer to the question at the beginning, German commentator, Herman
Murthesius, explained in 1904 “The idea behind this [bedroom
door] is that the person entering shall not be able to take in the whole room
at a glance as he opens the first crack of the door to enter the room, by which
time the person seated in the room will have been able to prepare himself
suitably for his entry”.
Next month, still in 1841, we venture over to the other side of town, to
see what life was like there.
Copyright – The Bay Magazine – February 2017
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